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Introduction: Ayurveda emphasizes the holistic process of conception, describing four essential factors collectively called Garbha Sambhavasamagra Bhava—Beeja (gametes), Kshetra (uterine environment), Ambu (nutritional fluids), and Rutu (fertile period). These concepts correlate with the modern understanding of reproductive physiology, ovulation, implantation, and embryonic nutrition. Methods: A detailed literature review was conducted by analyzing Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya), commentaries, and modern gynecology and reproductive physiology literature. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords “Ayurveda,” “conception,” “fertility,” “Beeja,” “Rutu,” “endometrium,” and “implantation.” Studies published between 1990 and 2024 were included. Results: Ayurvedic literature explains Beeja as healthy sperm and ovum, Kshetra as a well-prepared uterus, Ambu as nutrient-rich rasa dhatu, and Rutu as the fertile window ensuring timely conception. Modern science parallels these with gamete quality, endometrial receptivity, maternal nutrition, and ovulatory cycle respectively. Disruptions in any of these lead to infertility or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Integrative insights show that classical Ayurvedic principles align with evidence-based reproductive endocrinology and maternal-fetal medicine. Discussion: While Ayurveda conceptualized reproductive prerequisites thousands of years ago, modern science now validates these factors as critical determinants of conception and healthy pregnancy. Future prospects lie in integrating Ayurveda’s preventive and holistic approach with advanced reproductive technologies.

KEYWORDS: Ambu, Beeja, Conception, Kshetra, Rutu