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Introduction: The menstrual cycle is a natural rhythm central to female reproductive health. Ayurveda explains this physiological sequence as Rutu Chakra, linking reproductive events to doshic balance, fertility, and overall well-being. Modern science explains the cycle through neuroendocrine regulation and endometrial changes, describing follicular, ovulatory, luteal, and menstrual phases. Methods: This review integrates information from Ayurvedic classics (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and their commentaries with data from electronic databases. Articles published between 2000-2024 were included if they addressed menstruation, fertility, or menstrual regulation. Non-peer-reviewed or anecdotal sources were excluded. Results: Ayurveda describes Rutu Chakra as three sequential phases: (i) Rajaswala Kala (menstrual phase), (ii) Rutu Kala (fertile phase), and (iii) Ritu Vyatiriktakala (post-fertile phase). Each stage corresponds with doshic predominance (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and prescribes specific lifestyle and dietary regimens. Modern physiology describes parallel processes: endometrial shedding, follicular maturation with rising estrogen, ovulation triggered by LH surge, and luteal progesterone dominance. Comparative analysis reveals convergence in cyclicity, fertility emphasis, and the recognition of balance/disorder as key to reproductive health. Ayurveda adds unique holistic elements mental well-being, seasonal variation, and regimens to optimize fertility. Discussion: Ayurveda and modern science describe the same cyclic phenomenon through different paradigms. While modern gynecology focuses on anatomical and hormonal changes, Ayurveda emphasizes systemic balance, lifestyle, and prevention. Integrating both perspectives could enrich women’s reproductive care.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, fibroids, herbal therapy, Panchakarma, Yonivyapad.